Omukka (Ggaasi)
Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!! Omukka era oyinza okukiyita ggaasi.
Omukka (Ggaasi) guli buli wamu mu nampewo ne mu bwengula. Waliwo ekiyitibwa nampewo(atmosphere).
Nampewo ye bbulangiti ya ggaasi oba empewo ey’obulamu eyebulungudde Ensi. Ggaasi guba mugatte gwa buziba (atomu) ogutalina nsengeka. Mu nkalubo, atomu ne molekyu zekutte wamu ate nga zenyize. Kakulukusi zirina atomu ezetadde ate nga atomu ne molekyu zirina amasoboza mangi era nga ziba zibuukabuuka.
Ggaasi zirina okubugaana kiterekero eky’enkula n’ekigero kyonna .Singa oteeka ggaasi mu bbaluuni, ggaasi eno eba ebugaana wonna mu bbaluuni kyenkanyi era atomu ne molekyu zibugaana wonna mu bbaluuni kyenkanyi awatali kufa ku nkula ya bbaluuni.
Ebikulukusi bbyo bisobola kubugaana mu ntobo ya kiterekero(container)so ng’ate ggaasi zibugaana buli wamu mu kiterekero. Waliwo n’ekiyitibwa enfuumo (vapor).
Enfuumo ne ggaasi bitegeeza ekintu kye kimu. Ekigambo enfuumo kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ggaasi ezisangibwa mu mbeera ya kikulukusi. Eky’okulabirako ge mazzi oba makyule (mercury) = Hg.
Ebipooli nga kaboni-bbiri-okisayidi biba ggasi ku tempulikya eya bulijjo (at room temperature) n’olwekyo bannasayansi tebatera kwogera ku nfuumo ya kaboni-bbiri-okisayidi (carbon dioxide vapor).
Amazz ne makyule biba kakulukusi ku tempulikya eya bulijjo (room temperature), n’olwekyo ziyitibwa nfuumo. Ggaasi zibaamu amaasoboza mayitirivu era molekyu zazo zitayaaya nnyo nga bwe kisoboka.
N’akanyigirizi katono ddala ng’ozigerageranyizza ne bikulukusi n’enkalub, molekyu ezo ziyinza okukkatirwa (compressed). Kino kibaawo buli kaseera. Akanyigirizi ne tempulikya eziba zikendeera biwaliriza ggaasi okuyingira tyubuze tukozesa buli lunaku.
Oyinza okulaba empewo enyigiriziddwa oba ekkatiddwa (compressed air) mu kyupa efuuyira oba n’osegeera kabwokisaidi ng’ava mu kyupa ya soda. Ebyo biraga ggaasi eziwaliriziddwa mu kifo ekitono okusinga we zaligidde era ggaasi eba ewagaanya okufuluma nga yakafuna ekyagaanya.
Obutoffaali obusirikitu obuyitibwa obusirifaali bw'obuziba oba obutonniinya (atomic particles) bulimu:
(a) Obukontanyo oba konta (Protons)
(b) Nampawengwa oba nampa (Neutrons)
(c) Obusannyalzo(Electrons)
Obukontanyo ne nampa bwe butoffaali obuyitibwa "obutonniiya"(subatomic particles)ate obusannyalazo n'obukwaki(quarks) , obuzimba nampa ne konta, bwe buyitibwa obutinniiya(elementary particles) kubanga bwe busingayo obutini, si botono kyokka naye butini(they are not just small but they are very small ( tiny).
Ebirimba by,obuziba(clusters of atoms) biyitibwa obuzitoya (molecules).Manya:
"mole" = mass
"-cule"= tiny or very small
So molecule means "very small mass"(enzitoya entono ennyo). In Luganda molecule is "akazitoya" and in plural it is "obuzitoya"(molecules).
Obuziba bwa okisigyeni bubiri bukolq qkazitoya ka okisigyeni(oxigen molecule) kamu ate obuziba bwa ayidologyeni bubiri n'akaziba ka akisigyeni kamu bukola akazitoya k'amazzi(water molecule) kamu.
Obuzitoya nga bwesigalizza embeera yabwo ey'obutonde bwe bukola embeera essatu buli kintu mwe kisangibwa:
(a) Enkalubo(Solid)
(b) Ekikulukusi(liquid)
(c) Omukka (gas)
"Omukka ky'ekyo ekizimbulukuka okubugaana obubangirivu bw'ekiterekero mwe kiba kiteekeddwa mu kyenkanyi"(Gas is a substance which expands to fill uniformly the volume of any contaniner in which it is placed.
"Ebinnyonnyozo by'Omukka"
(Properties of Gas)
(a)Obubangirivu(Volume). Kino ky'ekibangirizi oba ebbanga eribuganyeemu omukka>(space occupied by a gas). (b)Enzitoya(Mass). Guno gwe mugatte gw'enzitoya y'obuziba bwonna oba obuzitoya(molecules) obukola omukka.(the total mass of all the atoms or molecules making up gas). (c) Obukwafuwavu(Density).Eno y'enzitoya y'omukka buli namungina y'obubangirivu(the mass of a gas per unit olume). (d) Akanyigirizi(Pressure). Akanyigirizi eba mpalirizo buli namunigina y'obwagaagavu ku busimbe bwa safeesi obw'ekiterekero omubugaaanye omukka.( the force per unit area acting perpendicular to the surface of the container holding the gas). Akanyigirizi kapimibwa mu "nnannyigirizi" buli miita eza kyebiriga . (e)Obwoki(Temperature)Obwoki kipimo kya kwokya oba okunnyogoga gw'ekintu.Okupima obwoki tukozesa "ekipimabwoki(thermometer).